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Updated 3 November 2026 · Root & Evidence editorial content · No independent clinical review claimed

Browse the human research behind our guides by ingredient, outcome, study type, or publication year. Open a record to see its findings, limitations, and original source.

9 selected publications · 6 ingredients. This is a curated collection of the research currently summarized on this site, not a complete clinical-trial registry or a live PubMed search. A review may include trials also listed separately; record counts are not counts of independent evidence. Publication filters use the cited publication year, not the date we added the record.

9 publications shown

Magnesium2025Randomized trial

Magnesium bisglycinate sleep trial · 2025

Sleep

Small improvement in self-reported insomnia symptoms.

Participants
155 adults reporting poor sleep
Studied dose
250 mg/day elemental magnesium as bisglycinate
Duration
4 weeks

Limitations: Questionnaires, brief follow-up, no comparison with other magnesium forms.

Root & Evidence: not yet rated. No certainty rating assigned to this record.

Moringa2025Systematic review / meta-analysis

Crișan et al. · Nutrients · 2025

Blood sugar · Cholesterol · Body weight · Blood pressure

No consistent cardiometabolic benefit.

Participants
649 adults
Studied dose
Varied preparations and doses
Duration
Eligible trials ≥2 weeks

Limitations: Heterogeneity, bias, indirectness; sensitivity analysis weakened BP finding.

Root & Evidence: not yet rated. Authors’ GRADE: very low.

Creatine2023Randomized trial

Creatine and cognitive performance · 2023

Cognitive performance

No conventionally significant benefit on either primary cognitive test.

Participants
123 adults; vegetarians and omnivores
Studied dose
5 g/day creatine
Duration
6 weeks per condition

Limitations: Task-specific outcomes; modest effects remain uncertain; not a dementia treatment trial.

Root & Evidence: not yet rated. No certainty rating assigned to this record.

Omega-32020Randomized trial

Nicholls et al. · STRENGTH · 2020

Cardiovascular events · Safety

Events: 12.0% versus 12.2%; HR 0.99.

Participants
13,078 statin-treated high-risk patients
Studied dose
4 g/day EPA+DHA carboxylic-acid formulation
Duration
Median treatment about 3.5 years

Limitations: Stopped early for futility; distinct formulation and comparator.

Root & Evidence: not yet rated. No certainty rating assigned to this record.

Omega-32018Randomized trial

Manson et al. · VITAL · 2018

Cardiovascular events

Primary cardiovascular endpoint not significantly reduced.

Participants
25,871 older adults
Studied dose
1 g/day marine omega-3 preparation
Duration
Median 5.3 years

Limitations: Primary prevention; secondary findings do not establish broad protection.

Root & Evidence: not yet rated. No certainty rating assigned to this record.

Omega-32018Randomized trial

Bhatt et al. · REDUCE-IT · 2018

Cardiovascular events · Safety

Primary events: 17.2% versus 22.0%; HR 0.75.

Participants
8,179 statin-treated high-risk patients with elevated triglycerides
Studied dose
Prescription icosapent ethyl 2 g twice daily
Duration
Median 4.9 years

Limitations: Specific prescription EPA and high-risk population; not evidence for ordinary fish oil.

Root & Evidence: not yet rated. No certainty rating assigned to this record.

Moringa2017Randomized trial

Taweerutchana et al. · 2017

Blood sugar

No significant between-group glucose or HbA1c difference.

Participants
32 adults with untreated type 2 diabetes
Studied dose
8 g/day moringa leaf capsules
Duration
4 weeks

Limitations: Small sample; too short for a strong HbA1c or long-term safety assessment.

Root & Evidence: not yet rated. No certainty rating assigned to this record.

Ashwagandha2012Randomized trial

Chandrasekhar et al. · 2012

Stress · Cortisol

Stress scores and cortisol favored the extract.

Participants
64 adults with chronic stress
Studied dose
300 mg root extract twice daily
Duration
60 days

Limitations: Small, short study of a specific extract; cannot establish long-term safety or treat all anxiety disorders.

Root & Evidence: not yet rated. No certainty rating assigned to this record.

Berberine2008Randomized trial

Yin et al. · 2008 · Study A

Blood sugar

HbA1c fell within the berberine group from 9.5% to 7.5%.

Participants
36 adults with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes
Studied dose
500 mg three times daily; metformin comparator
Duration
3 months

Limitations: Small pilot; a similar observed response does not prove equivalence to metformin.

Root & Evidence: not yet rated. No certainty rating assigned to this record.

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